华北水利水电大学学报（社会科学版）

“土地伦理”是一种现有的伦理学范式，这一范式把土地看作共同体的集大成者，通过土地概念扩展生物共同体的外延，将共同体所有成员放在平等地位，实现生态保护和环境治理的公平、公正。“河流伦理”则是一种新的伦理学范式，它把河流看作以人为中心的道德共同体，是由河流本体论、河流存在论和河流价值论组成的伦理学思想。与“土地伦理”相比，“河流伦理”更重视河流对人类生存的影响，以及人与河流之间独有的关系。在生态危机频发的当下，如何实现从“土地伦理”到“河流伦理”的范式转变，是当今伦理学研究的又一项重要任务。

“Land ethics” is an existing ethical paradigm that views land as the culmination of a community, expanding the extension of the biological community through the concept of land and placing all members of the community on an equal footing to achieve fairness and justice in ecological protection and environmental governance. “River ethics”, on the other hand, is a new ethical paradigm that perceives rivers as a human-centered moral community, composed of the ontology, existence, and value theory of rivers. Compared to “land ethics”, “river ethics” places greater emphasis on studying the impact of rivers on human survival and the unique relationship between humans and rivers. In the face of frequent ecological crises, how to achieve a paradigm shift from “land ethics” to “river ethics” is another important task for contemporary ethical research.