华北水利水电大学学报（社会科学版）

21世纪以来，军事领域应用人工智能技术研发的新型武器如雨后春笋般出现。人工智能武器具有智能性和攻击性，在法律上可被认为是具有一定自主决策能力并辅助人类进行攻击的工具。人工智能武器的出现对国际人道法的区分原则、比例原则和马尔顿斯条款造成了冲击，给国际人道法的归责原则带来了挑战。为保证人工智能武器的合理利用，国际社会应强化事前审查制度，构建事中执行标准，完善事后追责机制，避免人工智能武器带来巨大法律风险和伦理危机，捍卫人类社会的和平、安全和尊严。

New weapons developed using artificial intelligence technology in the military field have emerged rapidly. AI weapons are characterized by their intelligence and offensiveness, and can be considered as tools to assist human attacks with a certain degree of autonomous decision-making ability. The emergence of AI weapons has impacted the principles of distinction, proportionality and the Maltens Clause of international humanitarian law, posing challenges to the principle of accountability within this framework. To ensure the rational use of AI weapons, the international community should strengthen the prior review system, establish standards for implementation during the event, improve the mechanism for accountability after the event. These measures aim to achieve peace, security, and dignity in human society, thereby avoiding significant legal risks and ethical crises brought about by AI weapons.